HIV/AIDS is a topic that, despite being widely known, is filled with misconceptions and stigma. How much do you really know about this condition that has impacted of lives worldwide?. This course will unpack the essentials of HIV and AIDS, covering what they are, how they are transmitted, methods, and treatment options.
Let’s clarify these terms and break down the facts, helping you understand this critical public health issue.
HIV and AIDS are often used interchangeably, but they refer to different stages of a health condition affecting the immune system. Understanding the distinction is essential for clarity.
HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are essential for fighting off infections. If left untreated, HIV can weaken the immune system to such an extent that the individual becomes vulnerable to a range of infections or diseases.
HIV infection is the state in which the virus is in the body. In most instances, this is an asymptomatic state.
AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
“Acquired” means it is transmissible
“Immune-Deficiency” means it damages the body’s defense system
“Syndrome” refers to a group of illnesses
AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection. Not every person with HIV will develop AIDS. Actually, nowadays, its rare to find individuals suffering from AIDS, thanks to the availability of quality ARVs. The progression from HIV to AIDS can vary depending on various factors, including the individual’s health and access to medical care. AIDS is characterized by certain defining illnesses and a significantly weakened immune system.
HIV affects individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds, but certain groups are more vulnerable. These include men who have sex with men, transgender people, sex workers, people who inject drugs, and individuals in regions with high HIV prevalence, such as sub-Saharan Africa. Social and economic factors, such as poverty, lack of education, and limited access to healthcare, also contribute to higher rates of infection in certain populations.
According to the UNAIDS 2023 report, approximately 38.4 million people were living with HIV globally. In 2022, there were about 1.5 million new HIV infections and 650,000 AIDS-related deaths. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected region, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the global total of new HIV infections.
HIV remains a significant public health issue due to its widespread impact, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It affects millions of people, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates. HIV/AIDS also poses challenges to healthcare systems, economies, and social structures. Despite advances in treatment and prevention, stigma and discrimination continue to hinder efforts to control the epidemic.
These basic facts underscore the ongoing need for robust public health initiatives, education, and global cooperation to combat HIV/AIDS and support those living with the virus.
